公司法人营利性再考

A Further Study on the For-Profit Nature of Legal Person

我国《民法总则》第三章将法人分为营利法人、非营利法人以及特别法人,毋庸置疑,我国《公司法》规定的"公司"属于《民法总则》定义下的营利法人。本文从公司作为营利的商事法人的角度观察公司营利性应有的特殊性与含义,分析并梳理公司营利性所涵盖的股东盈余分配请求权及剩余财产分配请求权与其他制度之间的协调。比如:研究股东利益最大化及商法制度现代化中的营利性、种类股制度的设置是否舍弃公司营利中所含的盈余分配请求权或剩余财产分配请求权,以及弱化公司营利性是否影响股东利益最大化等问题,本文拟明晰民商合一模式下民法总则之规定在商事制度创新与移植之间游离的制度构建。

In the mode of civil and commercial law integration,China’s General Provisions of the Civil Law were formally adopted in March 2017.In Chapter 3,legal persons are classified as for-profit legal persons,non-profit legal persons and special legal persons.There is no doubt that the'company'stipulated in the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China should be regarded as for-profit legal person under the definition of General Provisions of Civil Law.This paper will observe the particularity and meaning of the for-profit nature of the company from the perspective of a profit-oriented commercial legal person,as well as analyzing and sorting out the coordination between the shareholders’rights to the distribution of dividends and remaining property covered by the for-profit nature and other relevant legal systems.The focuses of this paper are as follow:the for-profit nature in the maximization of shareholders’interests and the modernization of the commercial legal system;whether the establishment of the classes shares system discards the shareholder’s right to the distribution of dividends or remaining property and at the same time weakens the for-profit nature of the company,or influences the maximization of shareholders’interests;other relevant issues.This paper is aimed at clarifying the construction of commercial legal systems that has been selecting between innovation and transplantation.