城市道路资源经营性使用的法律规制——基于互联网租赁自行车市场的发展

Legal Regulation of Business Use of Urban Road Resources:Discussion Based on Internet Rental Bicycle Market

互联网租赁自行车是分时租赁营运非机动车,是方便公众短距离出行和公共交通接驳换乘的准公共交通服务方式,由移动互联网和租赁自行车融合发展而成。互联网租赁自行车在性质上属于经营性道路运输服务,由社会资本投资运营、使用者付费,不同于由政府投资运营的公共自行车。现阶段,我国互联网租赁自行车市场存在总体投放规模失控、运营维护失时失当、骑行违规停放任意、车辆毁损被盗私占、信息泄露资金挪用等问题,由此可能损害运营企业的财产所有权,使用者的人身、资金和信息安全权,社会公众的城市道路资源使用权。对于城市道路资源经营性使用(包括静态占用和动态占用)的法律规制可以充分借鉴公共池塘资源理论,据此构建起政府审慎包容监管与企业自律、行业协会自治并行的合作治理机制。

Internet rental bicycle is time-sharing rental of commercial non-motorized vehicles,attributing to quasi-public traffic service model to facilitate short distance travel of the public and public transport interchange,which is fusion development of mobile internet and bicycle rental.Public rental bicycle invested and paid by government belongs to public service,while internet rental bicycle is management behavior operated and invested by social capital and paid by users.On the nature of Internet rental bicycle,it belongs to operational road transport service,which is invested by social capital and paid by users,which is different from public bicycle that is invested and operated by government.There are problems in Internet rental bicycle market such as losing control of overall launch scale,misconduct of operation and maintenance,illegal parking,vehicle damage,free riding,information leakage and misappropriation of funds and other issues which may damage the property rights of operation enterprises,personal funds and information security,and rights of use for public road resource.Legal regulation of use of road resources(including static occupancy and dynamic occupancy)should be conducted.Theory of common pool resources to solve problem of public affairs governance is proposed,and framework of legal regulation based is cooperative governance mechanism including inclusive and prudent supervision of government,enterprise self-discipline and trade association autonomy.