“交通肇事后逃逸加重处罚”的合宪性思考

The Constitutionality of “Increased Punishment for Escape after Traffic Accidents”

交通肇事后逃逸加重处罚主要包含两种情形:一是单纯的交通肇事后逃逸加重处罚;二是交通肇事后逃逸致人死亡的加重处罚。立足于宪法上的平等原则检视,若将单纯的交通肇事后逃逸加重处罚的理由,解释为保护被害人或其他因交通事故可能发生的民事诉讼请求权,则会产生单独加重处罚交通肇事逃逸行为而不处罚其他犯罪逃逸行为所带来的不平等保护疑问。正所谓"皮之不存,毛将焉附",如果这一规定违反宪法上的平等原则,则交通肇事后逃逸致人死亡的加重处罚的根据也不存在,需要立法予以废除。同时,在教义学上寻求问题的解答方案:如果行为人单纯交通肇事后逃跑,没有造成人员重伤或死亡的,则并不构成犯罪;如果行为人致人重伤或死亡后逃逸,则构成交通肇事罪,并不能加重处罚;如果行为人把被害人带离事故现场后抛弃致人死亡或把被害人撞到一个隐蔽的位置逃逸,则构成不作为故意杀人罪。

The aggravated punishment for escaping after a traffic accident mainly includes two situations:one is the aggravated punishment for escaping after a traffic accident;the other is the aggravated death caused by escaping after a traffic accident.Based on the principle of equality in the Constitution,if we interpret the reasons for escaping from traffic accidents as the protection of victims or other civil litigation claims that may occur due to traffic accidents,it will result in the inequality of punishing escaping from traffic accidents without punishing other crimes.It is the so-called'no skin,no hair attached',If this provision violates the principle of equality in the Constitution,the basis for the heavier punishment of escaping from traffic accident and causing death does not exist,and it needs to be abolished by legislation.At the same time,we should seek solutions to problems in dogmatic:if the actor escapes after a traffic accident without causing serious injury or death,it does not constitute a crime;if the actor escapes after causing serious injury or death,it constitutes a traffic accident crime,which does not aggravate the punishment;if the perpetrator causes serious injury or escapes after death,it constitutes the crime of causing traffic accidents,and can not aggravate the punishment;if the perpetrator takes the victim away from the scene of the accident and abandons the victim,causing death or hitting the victim into a concealed place to escape,it constitutes the crime of intentional homicide by omission.