论杜牧“以议论为诗”

On Du Mu's “Comment as Poetry”

受杜甫、韩愈的影响,杜牧在诗歌的构思与表达方面呈现出明显的"以议论为诗"的特点。他在五言古诗和七言绝句中的议论不只局限于一时、一事、一物的微观视角,而表现为雄视千古、经邦济世的宏观视角,多关注宇宙永恒、人生代谢、生命价值等重大问题,显示出广阔的视野和厚重的历史感。同时,杜牧"以议论为诗"多用赋笔和直白议论,导致诗风少蕴藉,较为直切。杜牧"以议论为诗"的成因在于其显赫的家世、深厚的家学和独特的个人经历。

Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu,Du Mu shows obvious characteristics of taking 'comment as poetry'in terms of conception and expression. His comments in five-word ancient poems and seven-word quatrains are not confined to the microscopic perspective of one moment,one thing or one subject,but are manifested in the macroscopic perspective of overwhelming vision for the ages and the economy of the world,paying more attention to such important issues as the eternity of the universe,the metabolism of life and the value of life,showing a broad vision and a strong sense of history. At the same time,his'comment as poetry'uses more prose and straightforward argumentation,which leads to his poems with less implication and but more straightforward style. The cause of Du Mu’s taking 'comment as poetry'lies in his outstanding family history,profound family studies and unique personal experiences.