教师流失问题研究前沿述评——学校组织的视角

Review on the Research Frontier on Teacher Turnover Issue——A Perspective of School Organization

随着教师流失日益加剧,20世纪后期以来,西方学者对教师流失问题进行了深入探讨。早期研究主要考量教师个体及相关政策与教师流失之间的关联。进入21世纪以来,其研究视野更多转向了学校组织,考察学校领导方式、组织氛围、学生成绩与行为表现、学校类型等对教师流失的影响;解析教师流失对学校师资整体水平、教学质量、办学成本等形成的冲击;提出改善学校管理、重建学校组织环境、改革学校教师招聘、完善激励机制等策略。

As teacher turnover became more serious since late period 20 th century in the west,scholars have made in-depth exploration on the issue.Early studies focus on the relevance of characteristics of individuals as well as policies to teacher turnover.Since the beginning of 21 st century,scholars focus more on school organization,exploring the relevance of principals’leadership style,organization environment,students’achievement and behavior and school type to teacher turnover,revealing the impact of teacher turnover on teachers’quality,students’achievement and educational cost.Furthermore,some scholars put forward strategies such as how to improve school management,rebuild school organization environment,reform teacher recruitment,and constitute incentive mechanism to tackle the issue.