日本大学入学统一考试改革:目标、路径及挑战

Goal, Practice, Challenges of Japanese University Entrance Examination Reform

自2021年1月起,日本将以"大学入学共通考试"取代现行的"大学入学考试中心考试"制度。在大学入学适龄人口骤减、大学生学力下降的背景下,共通考试以确保扎实学力、培养生存能力为目标,实行成绩等级制,优化客观选择题,新增记述式问题,引入英语社会化考试,注重对学生的"思考力、判断力、表现力"进行考察。共通考试强化评价功能,弱化选拔功能,为大学招生选拔全面评价考生综合能力提供学力依据。但共通考试也面临成绩等级制在筛选人才方面辨识度低、记述式问题耗时费力却效度差、英语社会化考试的统一标准对考生区分度弱等挑战。

'National Center Test for University Admissions',the current Japanese university entrance examination will be replaced by the'Common Test for University Admissions'(hereafter,'CTUA')starting from January 2021.Under the background of sharp decrease in university age population and declining in college students’academic ability,in order to ensure students’solid academic ability and living ability,CTUA is designed to focus on assessing candidates’ability to think,judge and express.CTUA adopts a grading system for evaluation,improves current multiple-choice questions,introduces description-style answer questions and brings in social English tests.By emphasizing its assessment and weakening selection function,CTUA is expected to provide proof of candidates’academic ability for comprehensive evaluation.In the meantime,CTUA also faces various challenges,such as the difficulty in selection from candidates with the grading system for evaluation,time-consumption and possible limited efficiency in description-style answer questions,and the low differentiation of candidates from the uniform criteria of social English tests.Therefore,the future trends and relevant questions of CTUA deserve due attention.