宋代仿木构墓葬形制及对辽金墓葬的影响

Structure of Sung Dynasty Imitation Wood Tombs and The Influence upon the Liao and Jin Dynasty

一、前言本文所要论述的仿木构墓葬,是指模仿地上木结构建筑而建造的墓葬。模仿的主要内容既包括木结构建筑主体部分的柱子、斗拱,也包括属于木结构建筑装修部分的门窗等。目前已经发表的宋代的仿木构墓葬材料已达200多座,从这些材料看,宋代的仿木构墓葬在时空上显现出了一定的规律性。绝对年代比较明确的仿木构墓葬从咸平三年(1000年)到咸淳元年(1265年),共40多座,基本上贯穿整个宋代,为探讨墓葬的类型和细部演变规律提供可能;宋代仿木构墓葬分布广泛。

The tombs of wood imitation structure (仿木构墓葬) means that the tombs are construc- ted in the way of imitating the wood structure architecture on the ground,and those of the Sung dynasty can be classified into five groups based on the differences among parts of the wood imi- tated structure,and then,this article displays the demarcation of the types of these five groups one by one according to the differences of the constructing fashions,the number and layout of the chamber,the shape of the chamber.The central region of the tombs of different types is dif- ferent from one another,and in a certain region the number of the tombs of different types is different either,so the article divides the tombs of wood imitation structure of the Sung dynasty into six regions.The article divides the tombs of wood imitation structure of the Sung dynasty into three stages;it is the early and middle phase of North Sung dynasty,the later period of North Sung dynasty and the South Sung period.According to the conclusions of the last two sections,I venture to say that the second region is the central region of the culture of the tombs of wood imitation structure of Sung dynasty,and affects other regions.The first kind of tombs osculates with the other kinds of tombs.The different tombs in these six regions blend into one another.Comparing with the tombs of the Liao and Jin dynasty,this article concludes that the features of the tombs of wood imitation structure of the Sung dynasty came into being in the sec- ond stage,and have a strong effect on the ones of Jin dynasty and Liao dynasty.