试析吉林和龙石人沟旧石器时代晚期遗址古人类的技术与行为

An Analysis of Lithic Technology and Hominid Behavior at Shirengou Site

一、引言石人沟遗址发现于2004年,位于和龙市龙城镇石人村的西山上,地理坐标为东经128°48′45″,北纬42°11′20″,东北距和龙市约45公里(图一)。2004年5月初,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心、吉林省文物考古研究所以及和龙市文物管理所对其进行了调查和试掘,获得石制品40件。2005年8月中旬至9月初,以上单位再次对其进行试掘,揭露面积52平方米,共获石制品1291件。

The Shirengou site (42°11'20'N,128°48'45'E),buried in the second terrace of the left bank of the Hongqi river,is situated at Helong county,Yanbian city of Jilin province,it was discovered in 2004 and excavated in 2005.1331 stone artifacts were found from the primary context of the deposits and the earth's surface in the site.The sediments can be delaminated into 6 layers,the stone artifacts were mainly found in 2 ～4 layers.They include retouched tools,cores (flake core and microblade core),flakes,blades,microblades,chips and chunks.Obsidian is the major raw material.Retouched tools include used flakes,scrapers,burins,backed knife,bor- er,scrapers are the dominative tool type.The stone tool assemblage at the Shirengou site shows the distinctive character of the Upper Paleolithic microlithic industrial tradition in North Chi- na.According to the characteristics of these artifacts,and the stratum from which the artifacts were, we suggest the site is probably in the late period of the Late Pleistocene or the Late Paleolithic. From behavioral and adaptive perspectives and through analyzing typological,morphologi- cal and technological features of the Shirengou lithic assemblage,this paper addresses several theoretical issues regarding this industry,such as the nature of typological and stylistic variabil- ity,the capability and strategies of hominids in exploiting raw materials (obsidian) and modif- ying stone tools,the influence of raw materials placed on lithic technology and artifact stylistic features,and behavioral options exercised by hominids at the site. The unique natural environment (the abundant resources of water and animals and vegeta- tion along Tumen River) provide a stable and comfortable circumstance for the range of behav- ioral and adaptive strategies of tool fabrication and daily activity adopted by human beings at the site.According to the above analysis,Shirengou site provides important data for studying behav- ioral options adopted by hominids in the Tumen River Area.