玉皇庙墓地出土的直刃匕首式短剑研究

Research on Straight Blade Bronze Daggers Unearthed From Yuhuangmiao Cemetery

玉皇庙墓地位于冀北山地延庆盆地的北缘,与葫芦沟、西梁垙同属于军都山墓地,1981年因老乡取土而发现,1986年开始由北京市文物研究所对其进行全面的发掘,历经六年,共发现东周时期墓葬400座。由于在军都山的几处墓地中以玉皇庙墓地规模最大,所含墓葬类别最多,出土的随葬器物也最为丰富,后发掘者以玉皇庙墓地发掘资料为基础,归纳出冀北山地一带含直刃匕首式青铜短剑文化遗存的一般特点,将其命名为'玉皇庙文化'。玉皇庙墓地出土了玉皇庙文化最具代表性的遗存——直刃匕首式短剑86件,是该文化中出土此类短剑数量最多的地点,且形制丰富,为研究玉皇庙文化的直刃匕首式短剑提供了非常重要的资料基础。原报告根据剑首、剑柄与剑格的差异特点将该墓地所出短剑划分为不同的型式,

Based on the patterns of daggers’ handles,the straight blade bronze daggers unearthed from Yuhuangmiao cemetery were classified into nine types.According to bronze ritual vessels which were excavated in company with parts of bronze daggers,the author inferred that the tombs with bronze daggers were originated from the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period to the age between the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.On the basis of the classification of bronze daggers,considering the distribution of different types of daggers in the cemetery and the overall situation,the author claimed that the population of Yuhuangmiao cemetery could be divided into some subgroups.It is possible that these subgroups belonged to the warrior class of different families.Members of different families equaled each other in social status.In addition,male leader of some family became the chief of the whole group;supposedly,the chief came from different families by turns.