东北地区金代遗址出土铁器的类型学考察

A Typological Study about the Iron Appliances Excavated in the Sites of Jin Dynasty in Northeast China

金代是由女真贵族建立的北方少数民族政权,公元1127年女真人灭辽和北宋后,以秦岭一淮河一线为界与南宋政权对峙长达一百年多年。经过多年的考古工作,在金代的统治疆域内发现了大量的考古遗存,包括帝陵、墓葬、居住址、城址、窖藏、窑址等,出土了大量的遗物,并在金代帝陵、墓葬、陶瓷器、玉器等方面取得了一系列的考古学研究成果。虽然对金代考古遗存的研究已在许多方面取得了长足的进展,但对于这一时期普通遗址的关注度却略显不足。新中国成立以来,东北地区的考古工作者陆续发掘和辨识出一批单纯的金代普通居住址和城址,这为我们从考古学视角认识金代庶民阶层的物质文化提供了重要的第一手资料。在这些遗址中,除了陶瓷器以外,最常见的便是铁器,而且铁器的沿用性要远远强于易碎的陶瓷器,因此它能在很大程度上反映一个朝代或是一个地区在一定时期内的物质文化特征。

There are many iron appliances excavated from the sites of Jin Dynasty in the northeast area of China.According to the function,these iron appliances could be classified into agricultural tools,hand-making tools,living tools,fishing and hunting tools,carriage and harness appliances and so on.These iron appliances reflected that the vulgar living in northeast China of Jin Dynasty gave priority to an agricultural and settled life,fishing and hunting were declining.Then the diversification of the shapes of these iron appliances also showed that the agriculture and hand craft were refining gradually in the vulgar society in the northeast area of China in Jin Dynasty,and the feudalization were also deepened.