伊犁吉林台库区墓葬出土古代人类颅骨测量学性状的研究

A Study of Cranial Metrics Traits of Jilintai Reservoir Cemetery

新疆文物考古研究所为配合吉林台大型水电站建设工程,于2001年至2004年对水库淹没区内的遗址和墓葬进行了连续3年的发掘。吉林台库区内遗存连绵十余公里,包含2个祭祀遗址和穷科克墓地(含一号和二号)、库吉尔沟墓地、阿克布早沟墓地、萨尔布拉克沟墓地、托海墓地、别特巴斯陶墓地、加勒格斯哈音特墓地、铁木里克墓地、彩桥门墓地等9个墓地,共发掘墓葬784座。这是目前北疆发现并发掘规模最大的史前墓葬群。这样一批考古遗存不仅丰富了伊犁河流域的考古发现,而且对完善该地区史前考古文化发展序列和细化新疆地区史前考古文化体系发挥了重要的影响。库区内的大多数墓葬随葬品贫乏,且相当一部分墓葬中无随葬品。随葬品一般放在死者的头侧;一些装饰品和生产工具则出土于死者生前佩戴位置和死者的身边,主要包括彩陶壶、彩陶罐等陶器,铁器,铜器,石器,骨器和牛、羊、马等动物骨骼。

This research uses statistical methods to determine the population structure of each cemetery in the Jilintai Reservoir.Statistical methods include standard deviation,mean sigma,and coefficient of variance.Each cemetery was found to have a heterogeneous population.Cranial metric traits were used to compare with the Jilintai Reservoir samples to Caucasoid and Mongoloid population samples.The Jilintai samples were between the Caucasoid and Mongoloid samples,but more similar to the Caucasoid samples.T-tests were used to separate the seven cemeteries into two large groups.While the skull shape is similar between these two groups,the facial features are different.