浅论博物馆藏品的预防性保护

The Brief Overview of Preventive Conservation on Museum Objects

一、预防性保护的发展历史'预防性保护'这个概念出现在20世纪70年代[1~3],汤姆森(Thomson)[1]选用的是'预防性保护'(preventive),认为预防性保护仍然是属于文物保护范畴的一门技术学科;乌尔巴尼(Urbani)则选择使用的是'规划性保护'(programmed conservation)[2]这个词,乌尔巴尼表示规划性保护是一门技术,其中包含了周期性的用来维持和减弱文物风化病害的所有维修养护手段和措施,其规划性保护更为侧重于具体行动和可以预计的结果;

The early history of preventive conservation is characterized by the progressive integration of science into the museum world and the strengthening of collaboration between curators,conservators and scientists. Although treatment of an object may sometimes be necessary,treatment alone is not sufficient to preserve collections for future. Preventing damage to museum objects is much more cost-effective than allowing the damage to happen and then treating it. Preventive conservation encompasses 'all measures and actions aimed at avoiding and minimizing future deterioration or loss', This article traces the development of this discipline in US, UK and Italy. The number of museums in China is increasing very fast, at the same time;these museums are widely distributed and have greatly different circumstances. We do need technical knowledge of preventive conservation to safeguard our precious museum objects. This article introduces the preventive measures include areas such as: controlling temperature, relative humidity and light damage and pollutants;archival housing;loan documentation and packing for transport;integrated pest management;cleaning and housekeeping;emergency preparedness and response;handling procedures;hazardous materials.