不同起源的梅花果核指数研究

Coefficient of fruit stone of different origins of Prunus mume

梅花果核性状是梅种分类的重要依据,通过对果核指数进行分析,探讨果核指数与梅花起源之间的关系,为梅花品种分类提供参考。对21个梅花品种的果核性状(长、宽、厚)进行记录,计算果核指数(长宽比、长厚比、宽厚比)。利用均值、变异系数对不同品种、品系的梅花果核性状进行比较;利用方差分析和多重比较的方法对果核性状进行差异比较;利用图表分析法探讨远缘杂种与其父母本果核指数之间的关系。结果表明:品种间果核形态变异程度大于品种内果核形态的变异程度;方差分析和多重比较发现:杏梅、美人梅、真梅在果核指数上差异显著。结果表明,杏梅和美人梅表现出中间性,杏梅介于真梅和杏(和)或山杏之间,美人梅介于宫粉品种群和紫叶李之间。因此,梅花果核指数与梅花起源具有相关关系,不同起源的梅花果核指数存在差异,可作为梅花品种分类的依据。

Fruit stone characters are important basis for the classification of Prunus mume. To provide a reference for classification of P. mume cultivars,the coefficient of fruit stone was analyzed and the relationship between fruit stone coefficient and the origin of P. mume was discussed. Fruit stone characters(length,width,thickness) of 21 cultivars were recorded and the coefficients of fruit stone(length-width ratio,length-thickness ratio,width-thickness ratio) were calculated. Fruit stone characters were compared among different cultivars and cultivar groups by mean and coefficient of variation. The differences in coefficients of fruit stone were analyzed by variance analysis and multiple comparison. The relationship of coefficients of fruit stone between distant hybrids and their parents was analyzed by charts.The results indicated that the variation of P. mume within cultivars was larger than those between cultivars. Variance analysis and multiple comparison showed that the differences were significant among cultivar groups. Chart analysis found that the coefficient of fruit stone of P. mume ‘Xing'was between traditional P. mume and Armeniana vulgaris(and) or A. sibirica,and the coefficient of fruit stone of P.mume ‘Meiren'was between P. mume ‘Gongfen'and P. cerasifera. Therefore,the coefficient of fruitstone is related to the origin of Prunus mume,and there are differences between varying origins of P.mume,which can be used as a basis for classification of P. mume cultivars.