基于时间和空间差异的事件性景观服务设施设计研究——以河北省第二届园林博览会为例

Design and planning of infrastructures in event landscape based on time and space difference: a case study of the 2nd Hebei Garden Exposition

【目的】事件性景观已成为推动城市更新与发展的有效途径。大型城市事件都有一个从蓄积到发生再到结束后产生效应的全过程,因此其使用人群在事件的发生期和结束后呈现出明显的数量和结构变化,服务设施也相应地出现供需不平衡、景观同质化等问题,因而有必要对事件性景观服务设施的设计提出更为集约和弹性的策略与方法。【方法】采用基于时间差异的服务设施数量测算方法,该方法包括:(1)在事件发生期,基于瞬时最大游人容量进行服务设施数量测算;(2)在事件结束后,基于城市公共绿地设计规范进行服务设施数量测算。并结合河北省第二届园林博览会的景观服务设施设计,确定两种计算结果,并对其进行分析。【结果】基于瞬时最大游人容量的测算结果数值较大,基于城市公共绿地设计规范的测算结果数值较小,两者之间存在明显差值。因此,本文建议将事件结束后的服务设施设置为永久性设施,其与事件发生期的差值部分设置为临时性设施,并采用二者相结合的设计策略,提出基于空间差异的场地布局,以满足使用人群的需求变化。【结论】本文分析了事件性景观服务设施所存在的问题,并根据测算和研究结果提出了基于时间和空间差异的设计策略与方法,以期为同类设计提供有益参考。

[Objective] Major urban events always have a process, including the preparation, occurrence and the end. As the venue of urban events,the quantity demand of the event landscape service facilities is different after the event holding period and the end,and should be calculated according to various calculation methods. Also,the event landscape service facilities have the problem of homogeneity of landscape and lack of characteristics. So,it's necessary to find a more flexible way dealing with the event landscape service facilities. [Method]The study explored a method of calculating the number of facilities based on time difference,which involved: ( 1) calculating the number of the event landscape service facilities based on the instantaneous maximum capacity of visitors during the period of city events;( 2) calculating the number of the event landscape service facilities based on the normal design codes after the period. Then we took the Second Garden Exposition of Hebei Province as the object of study,calculated and finally analyzed the calculation. [Result] The calculation value of first calculating method was larger,while the calculation value of the second calculating method was smaller. There was a D-value between the two different calculation values. So we explored a strategy of combing the permanent and temporary service facilities in the event landscape to meet the needs at different time and a layout based on time difference. We regarded the number of facilities after city events as the figure of ones and the number of the difference as the figure of the temporary ones,and focused on building a regional culture of service facility landscape characteristics. [Conclusion] The problems of the event landscape service facilities were analyzed,and the reasonable solutions based on those matters were proposed,as a reference for this kind of design.