藏菠萝花在西藏的生态分布调查和资源量估测

Investigation of Distribution and Resource Storage Amount Estimation of Incarvillea compacta:One of the Famous Tibetan Medicine Plants

藏菠萝花(Incarvillea compacta)是西藏自治区一种常见的藏药材,近期发现其有抗缺氧的功能,未来很有可能成为治疗高原反应新型药材的原料植物,有必要对其在西藏自治区的分布和储量进行调查研究。采用野外样地调查(样方法、样线法和普查法)以及标本馆标本查阅的方法对藏菠萝花的资源在西藏自治区的分布、多度、密度、生物量等指标进行了调查,在计算这些藏药植物种分布区面积及生境系数的基础上,估测了它在西藏的最大资源量。还根据近几年对藏菠萝花分布环境因子的调查数据,采用了Matlab软件分析方法来反演藏菠萝花的生境,从而估测藏菠萝花的生境分布面积,再估测藏菠萝花的储量。藏菠萝花最佳分布海拔为4400.0～4900.0m,海拔高差为500.0m。藏菠萝花的多度为1～10株/m2,密度为1.99±1.65株/m2,盖度为2%～20%。藏菠萝花在西藏自治区的分布面积为4.75×105km2,最大储量估计为2.17×105t。调查藏菠萝花在西藏自治区的生态分布、估测其资源量对于全面了解藏菠萝花的资源状况、对其未来的保护以及可持续利用等具有重要的意义。

Incarvillea compacta is a famous Tibetan medicine plant which can buffer oxygen deficit of human body.In the future,it is very possible to be drug material to resist plateau bad reaction.So it is necessary to explore resource of Incarvillea compacta in Tibet.This article investigated distribution,abundance,densities and biomass of Incarvillea compacta in Tibet by wild sampling method(quadrat,sample line,wild-spread investigation) and historical materials in Herbium.Results showed that the best distribution range of altitude is between 4 400～4 900 m,abundance of Incarvillea compacta is 1-10 individual/m2,its density is 1.99±1.65 individual/m2,coverage is 2%～20%.On basis of above work,distribution area of Incarvillea compacta is 4.75×105 km2,greatest resource amount were 2.17×105 t.Investigating its ecological distribution and estimating its resource amount has an important significance in protection and sustainable utility of Incarvillea compacta.