先秦时期“天人合一”的两条基本线索——兼评余英时的两重“天人合一”观

The Two Basic Clues for ‘The Mutual Compliance between Nature and Human’ in Pre-Qin Period:Comments on YU Yingshi's dual concepts

先秦时期天人关系究竟是以何种方式存在和发展着的?用"以人合天"和"以天合人"两种类型加以总结最为合理恰当。"以人合天"是广义的"天人合一";"以天合人"是狭义的"天人合一"。先秦时期天人关系的主流是"以人合天",以阴阳家、黄老道家为代表,法家也尊重这条路线。余英时把中国轴心时代理解为"旧天人合一"向"新天人合一"的转变,这就把本来复杂多元的先秦天人关系单线化、狭隘化了,余英时的材料选取乃至结论导出显然有刻意配合"轴心时代"学说的嫌疑,论证过程有牵强附会的痕迹。

The relation between nature and human in Pre-Qin Period,as well as its existence and evolution,can be reasonably summarized into the two models:‘human complying with nature’and‘nature complying with human’.The former is an interpretation of‘the mutual compliance between nature and human’from a broad sense,and the latter from a narrow one.The mainstream then is‘human complying with nature’,represented by Yin-yang School and Huang-Lao Taoism School,and supported by the Legalist School.YU Yingshi(YU Yingshih)considered the Axial Age as the shift from the old interpretation of‘human complying with nature’to a new one.The complicated and pluralistic relations between nature and human was simplified and narrowed down in his concept.YU Yingshi's choice of research materials and demonstration of conclusion may be purposely designed for the support of his concept on the Axial Age,and as a result,his argumentation seems to be farfetched.