土地流转与农村中老年劳动力的就业变动

Land Circulation and the Change of Rural Middle-aged Labor's Employment

不同类型的土地流转对农村中老年劳动力的就业有着根本不同的影响。在农户间自发的土地流转模式下,土地流转基于村庄中的互惠关系展开,得益于此,农村中老年劳动力的耕地规模得以扩大,并实现了劳动力的充分就业和家计生活的改善;在以资本为主导的大规模土地流转模式下,土地向资本集中,土地流转的互惠机制瓦解,农村中老年劳动力不仅退出了村庄中的土地流转市场,也逐渐退出了农业生产劳动,从而在整体上处于"半失业"状态,家计生活陷入贫困。因此,土地流转的制度设计必须考虑到农村中老年劳动力的利益,选择真正适合中国农村实际、提供更多就业机会的土地流转模式。

Different types of land circulation have different influences on the employment of rural middleaged labor. Under the spontaneous pattern,land circulation among the peasants is based on the relationship of reciprocity which could lead to a full employment with income increase for the middle-aged labor. However,under the capital-driven pattern,the reciprocal mechanism of land circulation would collapse,and the middleaged labor would gradually quit from land circulation and agricultural production, with the result of underemployment and poverty. Therefore,land circulation pattern should be based on the consideration of the interests of middle-aged labor in rural.