从汉大赋中的天子车驾看汉代礼制

On the Etiquette System of Han Dynasty from the Emperor's Chejia in Han Fu

汉大赋中的天子车驾包括大驾、法驾、小驾。透过汉大赋车驾描写的不同,可以发现汉代礼制的变迁及文人心态的转变。从《子虚赋》的奢侈到《上林赋》的守制,司马相如确立了汉大赋的描写格局与摹礼特色。从《上林赋》的崇儒车驾到《甘泉赋》中的甘泉卤簿,汉代赋家于崇儒外衣之下,兼容了多种文化精神。而在《两都赋》与《二京赋》的车马描写中,则可见东汉文人在追慕西汉与赞扬当朝之间的尴尬处境。

The Emperor's Chejia in Grand Fu of the Han Dynasty included Dajia,Fajia and Xiaojia.Through the narrative of Chejia assignments in these works,we can know different mental characteristics of Grand Fu. From the luxury of Zi Xu Fu to Shang Lin Fu's shouzhi( abide by the system),Sima Xiangru established the depiction pattern and characteristic of copying the ritual in Grand Fu. From Advocating Confucianism Chejia in Shang Lin Fu to Ganquan Lubu in Gan Quan Fu,the authors of Han Fu were compatible with a wide variety of cultural spirit,undercovered by Confucianism advocating. It is obvious that West Han dynasty literati were in an embarrassing situation,since they envying West Han dynasty and praising the East Han Dynasty at the same time,which can be found in the description of Chejia in the Liang Dou Fu and Er Jing Fu.