“阿尔都塞”反对“阿尔都塞”——“偶然相遇唯物论”的双重面相

On Double Dimensions of Althusser's Aleatory Materialism

五月风暴发生之后,经过长时间的理论思考,阿尔都塞于晚年正式提出偶然相遇的唯物论,以反对目的论国家观。一般观点认为,从阿尔都塞的前期理论背景来看,阿尔都塞以"唯物论"确认了经济基础是人们政治实践活动的先决条件,意图以人们对自由价值的追求凸显人的选择的优先性,避免历史领域的主体性丧失。但是,这种看法却忽视了阿尔都塞的真实意图,即利用资产阶级意识形态国家机器瘫痪的有利境遇,联合各种进步群体从事政治实践活动的本意。而造成这种"误认"的原因便在于其理论自身包含的"张力"。

After‘May storm’,Althusser formally brought out aleatory Materialism in his last years.He aim was to oppose teleological theory of state.In general view,Althusser confirmed that the foundation of economy was the primary condition for political practice in his early years,thus,his aleatory Materialism showed the emphasis on the importance of liberty to maintian the historical subjectivity.However,this understanding ignores Althusser’s true meaning,that is,his trying to unify the progressive groups in the situation of disabling state apparatus of bourgeois ideology in political practice.The reason of this misunderstanding roots in the contradiction of his theory.