青少年体育参与和社会适应关系的实证研究——以清华大学为个案

An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Youth Sports Participation and Social Adjustment: Taking Tsinghua University as a Case

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等,选取《国际体力问卷》和《中国大学生适应量表》作为测量工具,以2015级清华大学学生为调查对象,对青少年体育参与和社会适应的关系进行了实证检验及分析。结果显示:1)就整体而言,青少年体育参与和社会适应的关系模型有效,不同强度体育参与和社会适应之间存在不同程度的关联性,高强度、中强度身体活动对青少年社会适应能力具有非常显著的正向影响;2)从不同性别来看,男、女大学生体育参与和社会适应的关系模型均有效,高强度、中强度身体活动对男大学生社会适应能力具有非常显著的正向影响,而女大学生的社会适应能力仅受中强度身体活动的影响比较显著; 3)就不同生源地而言,省会城市、区(县)城市、乡镇(农村)大学生体育参与和社会适应的3个关系模型均有效,高强度身体活动对来自3个地域的大学生的社会适应能力均具有显著的正向影响,中强度身体活动对来自区(县)城市和乡镇(农村)的大学生的社会适应能力具有显著的正向影响; 4)从父母受教育程度来看,大学及以上、初高中、小学及以下文化程度父母的大学生体育参与和社会适应的3个关系模型均有效,高强度、中强度身体活动对大学及以上、初高中文化程度父母的大学生社会适应能力具有显著正向影响,中强度、低强度身体活动对小学及以下文化程度父母大学生社会适应能力具有显著正向影响。

By using the methods of documentation,questionnaire and mathematical statistics,this study selected the International Physical Strength Questionnaire and the Chinese College Students Adaptation Scale as measuring tools,and took the students of grade 2015 in Tsinghua University as the objects of investigation,carried out an empirical test on the relationship between youth sports participation and social adaptation.The results showed that:1)On the whole,the relationship model between adolescent sports participation and social adaptation is effective.There are different degrees of correlation between different intensity of sports participation and social adaptation.High intensity and moderate intensity of physical activity have a very significant positive impact on adolescents'social adaptation ability.2)From the perspective of gender,the relationship model of sports participation and social adaptation is effective for both male and female students.High-intensity and medium-intensity physical activities have a very significant positive impact on male college students'social adaptability,while female college students'social adaptability is only significantly affected by medium-intensity physical activities.3)For different places of origin,the relationship models of sports participation and social adaptation of college students in provincial capitals,districts(counties),cities and towns(countryside)are effective.High-intensity physical activity has a significant positive impact on the social adaptability of college students from three regions.Medium intensity physical activity has a significant positive impact on the social adaptability of college students from districts(counties)and towns(countryside).4)From the point of view of parents'educational level,regardless of parents'educational level,the relationship model of sports participation and social adaptation is effective for college students.High-intensity and moderate-intensity physical activities have a significant positive impact on the social adaptability of college students with college and above,junior and senior high school educated parents.Medium-intensity and low-intensity physical activities have a significant positive impact on the social adaptability of parents with primary and lower education levels.