改革开放以来我国学校体育政策工具的选择与优化

Choice and Optimization of School Physical Education Policy Tools in China Since Reform and Opening-up

政策工具是达成政策目标或结果的手段。以改革开放以来综合性学校体育政策为研究对象,运用内容分析法,基于政策工具视角,从政策工具维度和学校体育发展要素维度构建分析框架,对学校体育政策进行量化分析。研究发现:学校体育政策中命令性工具使用过溢,象征与劝诫工具、系统变革工具与激励工具运用缺失;学校体育发展要素中政策工具组合差异明显,发展要素与工具精准匹配有待优化。建议:在学校体育政策中,增加激励、象征与劝诫和系统变革工具的运用;加强体育教师和场地设施方面的政策工具应用;提高课外体育活动和课余体育竞赛方面的政策工具供给。以期实现提高我国学校体育政策的有效性、促进学校体育政策顶层设计的优化以及具有针对性政策指导的最终目标。

Policy tools are effective means to achieve policy objectives.Taking the comprehensive school physical education policy since the reform and opening up as the research object,this paper uses the content analysis method,bases on the policy tool perspective,constructs the analysis frame from the policy tool dimension and the school physical education development factor dimension,carries on the quantitative analysis to the school physical education policy.It is found that the use of imperative tools is overflowing in school physical education policy,and the use of symbolic and admonishing tools,incentive tools and system reform tools is missing;the combination of policy tools in school physical education development factors is obviously different,and the precise matching of development factors and tools needs to be optimized.It suggests increasing the use of incentives,symbols and admonitions and systematic reform tools in school physical education policy;strengthening the application of policy tools in physical education teachers and venues and facilities;and improving the supply of policy tools in extracurricular sports activities and extracurricular sports competitions.This paper aims to achieve the ultimate goals of improving the effectiveness of China’s school sports policy,optimizing the top-level design of school physical education policy and providing targeted policy guidance.