非正式结构体育社团成员社会资本与群体凝聚力关系的实证研究

Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Social Capital and Group Cohesion of Spontaneous Sports Groups’ Members

目的:社会治理视角下对非正式结构体育社团成员社会资本与群体凝聚力关系进行研究有利于全民健身组织网络的建设。方法:采用非正式结构体育社团成员社会资本和群体凝聚力的修订问卷,对武陵山民族地区1 253名非正式结构体育社团成员进行调查,并对部分成员进行了访谈。结果:1)社会资本量表(5个维度:互惠互动、群体志愿、群体信任、网络关系、社会支持)和群体凝聚力量表(2个维度:健身吸引、社交吸引)的信效度符合社会调查的要求。2) 5个社会资本维度、打包社会资本都和健身吸引、社交吸引呈正向相关关系,且具有高度的显著性(P<0. 01)。结论:逐步回归分析的结果显示,互惠互动、群体志愿、群体信任、网络关系、社会支持对社交吸引均有正向影响,打包后的社会资本稍弱于分维度对社交吸引的解释力;互惠互动、群体志愿、群体信任对健身吸引的正向影响具有高度显著性,打包社会资本和职业变量对健身吸引的影响力不及分维度的影响力大。相关部门应加强对非正式结构体育社团成员社会资本的识别、开发与管理,使群体凝聚力能够通过其成员社会资本的持续投入和积累得到提升,为全民健身组织网络化发展奠定基础。

Objective:Discussion about the relationship between social capital and group cohesion of spontaneous sports groups’members under the social governance perspective is beneficial to the construction of nation fitness organization network.Methods:The study used the revision of the questionnaire of social capital and group cohesion of spontaneous sports group’s members.An investigation was conducted on 1 253 spontaneous sports groups’members of Wuling mountain national regions,and some members were interviewed.Results:1)According to data,social capital scale included 5 dimensions that are interactive and mutually beneficial,community volunteer,community trust,network relationship,social support;group cohesion scale included 2 dimensions that are fitness attraction and social attraction.The reliability and validity of both scales met the requirements of social survey.2)Five dimensions of social capital,packaged social capital had positive correlations with fitness attraction and social attraction,and had a high degree of significance(P<0.01).Conclusion:The results of step-wise regression analysis showed that interactive and mutually beneficial,community volunteer,community trust,network relationship and social support all have positive effects on social attract;social capital after packaging was little weaker than social attract dimension for explanatory power;interactive and mutually beneficial,community volunteer,community trust to the positive influence of fitness attract had obvious significant;social capital and career variable after packaging’s influence on fitness attract was not as great as the points dimension.The relevant departments should strengthen the recognition,development and management of social capital of spontaneous sports groups’members,so that group cohesion can be enhanced through the continuous investment of social capital of their members,and lay a foundation for the networked development of national fitness organizations.