“成熟都市”理论下奥运会与城市发展互动关系新探——以东京2020年奥运会为例

A New Discussion on the Interaction Between Olympic Games and Urban Development Under the Theory of “Mature City”: Taking 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games as the Example

奥运会与城市发展互动是关乎奥林匹克运动未来可持续发展的重要议题。近年来伴随着国际奥委会的多项改革,以及现代都市的飞速发展,奥运会与城市发展的关系来到一个全新的历史节点。采用文献资料法、历史分析法等研究方法,以'成熟都市'理论为切入点对奥运会与城市发展互动关系进行研究,认为:传统上奥运会与城市发展的互动模式以'崛起需求'互动模式为主,这是一种城市将自身硬件设施发展与举办奥运会相结合的互动模式,但是这种传统互动模式受社会环境变迁影响,既无法满足现代城市构建'成熟都市'的需求,也无法满足奥林匹克运动可持续发展的需求而逐步淘汰。因此,以打造'成熟都市'为契机,抓住当前大型都市转型发展和奥林匹克运动改革的新机遇,建立全新的奥运会与城市发展互动模式。本文从东京2020年奥运会的视角出发,从'成熟城市'4个实现路径——自然环境、居民发展、人际交往、科技支撑逐步展开,以实际案例探讨奥运会与城市发展新的互动模式。同时作为大型都市,东京与北京在城市布局、人口流动等方面具有较高的相似性,以东京奥运会为研究案例,可以从侧面为北京2022年冬奥会举办提供理论支持。

The interaction between the Olympic Games and urban development is an important issue concerning the future sustainable development of the Olympic Movement.In recent years,with the reform of the international Olympic committee and the rapid development of modern cities,the relationship between the Olympic Games and urban development has reached a new historical juncture.This paper uses the methods of literature review and historical analysis to explore the interactive relationship between the Olympic Games and urban development with the'mature city'theory as the starting point.Results show that the traditional interactive mode between the Olympic Games and urban development is based on the'rising demand'interactive mode.This is an interactive mode in which the city combines the development of its own hardware facilities with the hosting of the Olympic Games.However,this mode is affected by the changes of the social environment,which can not meet the requirements of modern cities to build a'mature city',nor meet the requirements of the sustainable development of the Olympic Games,thus it is gradually eliminated.Therefore,this paper takes the opportunity of creating a'mature city'and seizes the new opportunities of the transformation and development of large-scale cities and the reform of the Olympic Games,and establishes a new interactive model of Olympic Games and urban development.From the perspective of the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo,this paper starts from the four realization paths of'mature city'with the natural environment,residents’development,interpersonal communication,and scientific and technological support.It explores the new interactive mode of the Olympic Games and urban development with some cases.At the same time,as large cities,Tokyo and Beijing share high similarities in terms of urban layout and population mobility.This paper takes the Tokyo Olympics as a case study,and hopes can provide theoretical support for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.