梅洛-庞蒂身体现象学视角下的舞蹈学习理论探析

The Analysis of Dance Learning Theory in the Perspective of Merleau-Ponty’s Body Phenomenology

当代舞蹈的学习理论多从身心二分的认知主义心理学来解释和指导舞蹈的学习。认知主义心理学强调脱离身体的一系列分析计算的心理认知活动。然而经验事实表明舞蹈学习的过程不是离身而是具身的,舞者拥有一种由身体自发引导舞蹈并随着现象场域的改变而变化的能力,体现了身体'我能'的特征。因此舞蹈学习理论逐渐从笛卡尔身心二分的非具身认知传统转向了身心一体的具身认知学习模式。具身认知学习与身体、情境和他人因素紧密相关,法国身体现象学家梅洛-庞蒂(Merleau-Ponty)提出了身体现象学理论,为我们在舞蹈学习理论的研究上指出了未来方向和可能视域。

Contemporary dance learning theories mainly explain and guide dance learning from the cognitive psychology of body and mind dichotomy.Cognitive psychology emphasizes a series of analytical and computational psychological cognitive activities dissociated from the body.However,empirical facts show that the process of dance learning is not dis-embodied but embodied.Dancers have the ability to spontaneously guide dance by the body and change it as the phenomenal field changes,presenting the characteristics of'I can'of the body.Therefore,dance learning theories have gradually shifted from Cartesian disembodied cognitive tradition of body and mind dichotomy to the embodied cognitive learning model of body and mind integration.Embodied cognitive learning closely relates to the factors about body,situation and others.The French body phenomenologist Merleau-Ponty has put forward rich thoughts on body,providing philosophical basis for this theory.It also points out the future direction and possible prospect in the study of dance learning theory.