典型学术丑闻折射下同行评审的关键问题及其应对策略

Key issues of peer-review system reflected by the biggest academic scandals and related coping strategies

基于发生在权威期刊的几桩典型学术丑闻,探讨同行评审如何系统性地应对学术论文不端行为。回顾性提炼丑闻事件的重要节点,从速度、数量、质量和评价标准4个维度来综合分析同行评审存在的关键问题;提出应在战略和技术层面上重新构建学术出版中的同行评审体系:明确同行评审中的各方责任,利用网络信息技术收集并开放数据。一个明确、健全和开放的同行评审体系有助于系统性地防范学术不端,提高同行评审质量。

Based on several representative academic frauds in the most prestigious scientific journals,this paper explores how peer reviews systematically deal with misconduct in academic papers.Looking back on the events of scandals,we analyzed the critical problems of peer-review system comprehensively from four dimensions of speed,quantity,quality,and evaluation criteria or standards.The peer-review system in academic publishing should be reconstructed strategically and technically:the responsibilities of all parties should be clarified,and data of articles should be collected and opened by using network information technology.A clear,complete and open peer-review system can help prevent academic frauds systematically and improve the quality of peer review.