对甲酚烷基化反应催化剂的研究进展

Research progress of catalysts used in the alkylation reaction of p-cresol

主要从酸性催化剂的发展历程全面综述了分子筛、固体超强酸、离子交换树脂、杂多酸、离子液体等多种酸性催化剂的优点和缺点,并总结出对甲酚在不同催化剂作用下反应产物区域选择性的结果。通过对多种催化剂的特性和反应结果对比着重介绍了离子液体催化剂,离子液体同时拥有液体酸高密度酸性和固体酸易分离不挥发的优点,在保持着浓硫酸酸性强度的同时,还具有低蒸气压、热稳定性高、对环境无污染、功能化设计的优良特性,这为今后对甲酚烷基化反应绿色催化剂的发展提供了重要的研究方向,避免了目前工业上常用液体酸催化剂存在的污染环境设备和安全隐患等重大问题。

Various novel acidic catalysts in the development history of catalysts,such as molecular sieves,super solid acids,heteropoly acids,ion exchange resins,ionic liquids,are introduced.The products＇ regioselectivity of p-cresol under the acidic catalysts are also summarized. Through comparing the characteristics of various catalysts and reaction results,ionic liquids are introduced as key points which show both high density acidity by liquid acids and easy separation by non-volatile solid acids. Apart from the acidity of similar to sulfuric acid,ionic liquids also have good features of low consumption,stability to water and air,no pollution and functional design which provide an important research direction for development of the catalysts of p-cresol alkylation reaction. Also,problems of liquid acid catalysts used in industrial such as corrosion and safety can be avoided.