松针精油的提取及其对松墨天牛的诱集效果

Extraction of Essential Oil from Pine Needles and Its Trapping Effect on Monochamus Alternatus

通过水蒸气蒸馏法、松针-乙醇-石油醚提取法提取松针精油并兑成定位型引诱剂,以及采用林间诱捕法进行引诱效果检测等实验,对松墨天牛（Momochamus alternatus）定位型引诱剂进行研究。结果显示：在松针-乙醇-石油醚提取法中,最佳松针-乙醇料液比为1：9,浸取液乙醇的最佳浓度为83%~79%,石油醚的最佳用量为300ml/kg,此法的精油回油率最低为0.47%、最高为0.81%,比普通的水蒸气蒸馏法要高43%~66.9%;松墨天牛定位型引诱剂挂放在林间的引诱效果显著,与产卵型引诱剂相比,可以减少71.4%的松材线虫病枯死木。该技术的研究成果为松材线虫病的防治提供了新的途径,具有明显的经济、社会和生态效益。

To optimize the extracting technology of Monochamus alternatus locating attractant and control the spread of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the author made locating attractant concluding essential oil, which was gotten by steam distillation and pine needlesethanol-petroleum ether extraction method, and tested its effects by the trapping method in forest. The study showed that in pine needles-ethanol-petroleum ether extraction method, the optimal ratio of pine needles-ethanol was 1：9; the optimal concentration of ethanol as leaching solution was 83%~79%; the optimum of petroleum ether used was 300 m L/kg; the minimum essential oil yield in this method was 0.47% while the maximum 0.81%. And there was 43% ~66.9% more essential oil than the ordinary steam distillation. Monochamus alternatus locating attractant had great attracting effect when posited in the forest. It can decrease 71.4% of the dead wood caused by Bursaphelenchu xylophilus（Steiner Buhrer） Nickle disease compared with the spawning attractant. The research provides new prospects for the prevention and control of Bursaphelenchu xylophilus（Steiner Buhrer） Nickle and has great economic, social and ecological benefits.