骨髓间充质干细胞与壳聚糖复合修复关节软骨损伤

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with chitosan for articular cartilage injuries

背景:创伤等导致的关节软骨缺损是国内外骨科界面临的难题,组织工程学技术为软骨缺损的修复提供了新方法。目的:探讨壳聚糖-骨髓间充质干细胞复合材料修复兔膝关节软骨缺损的可行性。方法:将培养的兔骨髓间充质干细胞种植到壳聚糖支架上体外构建壳聚糖-骨髓间充质干细胞复合材料,移植到兔关节软骨缺损处为实验组,不予以特殊处理为对照组。术后6,12周,大体观察以及甲苯胺蓝染色评定两组软骨组织修复情况。结果与结论:术后6周,对照组仅有纤维组织增生,实验组关节软骨缺损处有软骨样组织生成。术后12周,对照组软骨缺损边缘可观察到少量类透明软骨组织,实验组缺损区完全覆盖有光滑、透明软骨组织。术后12周,对照组甲苯胺蓝染色较淡,有少量软骨组织生成,实验组甲苯胺蓝染色较明显,缺损完全被透明软骨组织所覆盖,软骨细胞较多。结果表明兔骨髓间充质干细胞-壳聚糖支架复合材料能更好的引导软骨组织的生成,促进软骨缺损修复。

BACKGROUND： Trauma easily leads to the emergence of articular cartilage defects, which is a difficult problem in the orthopedics field. Tissue engineering technology provides a new method for cartilage repair. OBJECTIVE： To explore the feasibility of combining chitosan and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair injured articular cartilage in rabbits.METHODS： Cultured rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto chitosan scaffold, and then the composite material was implanted into the defect as experimental group. Rabbits with no treatment served as control group. Gross observation and toluidine blue staining were carried out at 6 and 12 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： At 6 weeks after operation, the control group had only fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and in the experimental group, cartilage-like tissues were generated at the defect site. At 12 weeks after operation, a small amount of hyaline cartilage-like tissues were observed in the control group, and the defects in the experimental group were covered with smooth and hyaline cartilage tissues. After 12 weeks, the toluidine blue staining was light in the control group with a small amount of cartilage tissues; in the experimental group, the toluidine blue staining was remarkable, and the defects were completely covered with hyaline cartilage tissues, and cartilage cells were increased in number. The findings indicate that chitosan-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells composite material is better to induce cartilage tissue formation and promote cartilage defect repair.