虚拟现实技术在口腔颌面部解剖及三维数字模型构建中的应用

Application of virtual reality technology in oral and maxillofacial anatomy and three-dimensional digital model construction

背景:随着医学技术、计算机图像技术的高速发展以及计算机辅助临床教学的迫切需要,虚拟现实技术在医疗等领域的应用引起了众多学者的关注。目的:总结虚拟现实技术在口腔颌面解剖中的应用,为口腔医学临床和科研提供更好的研究方法,为建立口腔颌面解剖数字资源库并使其信息化、网络化奠定基础。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索Pub Med数据库及中国学术期刊网全文数据库2004年1月至2014年12月有关虚拟现实技术在口腔颌面解剖应用方面的文章,英文检索词为"Tissue engineering,Virtual reality,Oral and maxillofacial anatomy,Digital,3D reconstruction,Multimedia,Teeth,Skull",中文检索词为"组织工程,虚拟现实,口腔颌面解剖,数字化,三维重建,牙体,颅骨"。排除重复性研究,共保留52篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:虚拟现实技术在口腔颌面解剖中的应用主要包括三维数字化模型和数字化的虚拟人体数据库。专门用于医学三维重建的软件包括3D-Doctor和Minics等,支持的原始数据来源包括连续断层解剖图像、各种影像数据和三维扫描数据等。多种虚拟现实技术均可以成功的再现牙体、牙列及口腔颌面部的解剖结构,为构建口腔医学临床和教学的虚拟现实模型平台奠定了基础。

BACKGROUND：With the rapid development of medical technology, computer image technology and the urgent needs of computer-aided clinical teaching, the application of virtual reality technology in oral and maxilofacial anatomy has become an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE：To summarize the application of virtual reality technology in oral and maxilofacial anatomy, thereby providing the better methods for clinical and basic research of oral medicine, laying the foundation for building the digital repository, and realizing the informatization and networking construction. METHODS：A computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author in the CNKI and PubMed databases to search papers related on the virtual reality technology applied in oral and maxilofacial anatomy published between January 2004 and December 2014, using the key words of “tissue engineering, virtual reality, oral and maxilofacial anatomy, digital, 3D reconstruction, multimedia, teeth, skul” in Chinese and English, respectively. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 52 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The application of virtual reality technology in oral and maxilofacial anatomy mainly includes 3D digital model and virtual digital database of human body. 3D medical reconstruction software includes 3D-Doctor and Minics that support the original data sources including continuous fault anatomical images, varieties of image data and 3D scanning data. A variety of virtual reality technologies can successfuly reproduce the tooth, dentition and oral and maxilofacial anatomy, laying the foundation for building the virtual reality platform in oral clinical application and teaching.