大理洱源县高氟温泉水中氟含量控制研究

Research on Control of Fluoride in High Fluorine Thermal Spring Water in Eryuan County,Yunnan

为探讨大理洱源县氟中毒区高氟温泉水中氟含量控制方法,文章采用羟基磷酸钙离子交换法和黏土、明矾吸附法进行温泉水中除氟。结果表明,采用羟基磷酸钙离子交换法进行温泉水中除氟,分别在24、79、92℃温泉水样中按照1.67 g/L比例加入羟基磷酸钙,温泉水样中的氟含量由5.28μg/m L到4.55、3.30和2.62μg/m L,将水样温度调节到当地沸点92℃,除氟后水样的含氟量仍高达2.62μg/m L,超过国家饮水氟含量标准(1.0μg/m L,GB 5749-2006)。采用的黏土和明矾吸附法进行温泉水中除氟,在室温稳定的情况下,加入标准量、1.5倍量、2倍量、3倍量除氟剂,温泉水中氟含量由5.28μg/m L分别降至0.95、0.33、0.12、0.08μg/m L;当加入除氟剂量保持不变,在室温(24℃)、50、79℃时氟含量由5.28μg/m L分别降至0.95、0.75、0.73μg/m L;当除氟剂量和作用温度均保持不变,加入标准除氟剂量在室温条件下分别静置30 min和12 h,温泉水中氟含量由5.28μg/m L分别降至0.87、0.91μg/m L。以上采用黏土和明矾去除洱源当地温泉水中氟试验中,改变添加除氟试剂量、温度以及静置时间等条件时,除氟量和除氟率有所变化,但是除氟后的温泉水中氟含量均低于1.0μg/m L,符合国家生活饮用水卫生标准。

For the purpose of exploring the control method of fluoride in high fluorine thermal spring water for fluorosis areas in Eryuan County,Yunnan,the ion exchange method of porous hydroxyl calcium phosphate and the adsorption method of clay and aulm were used for fluoride removal. Results showed that the ion exchange method of porous hydroxyl calcium phosphate and the adsorption method was used for fluoride removal,and the porous hydroxyl calcium phosphate was added to spring water in proportion of 1.67 g/L at 24,79,92 ℃,and the fluorine content were 4.55,3.30,2.62 μg/m L separately from 5.28 μg/m L. When water temperature was added to boiling temperature（92 ℃）,the fluorine content reached2.62 μg/m L,which still exceeded the health standard for domestic drinking water（1.0 μg/m L,GB 5749-2006）. The adsorption method of clay and aulm were used for fluoride removal,and the spring water was added to standard quantity,1.5times,2 times,3 times fluorine-removal agent at room temperature,and the fluorine content were decreased to 0.95,0.33,0.12,0.08 μg/m L,separately from 5.28 μg/m L;when fluoride removal dose kept invariant,the fluorine content were decreased to 0.95,0.75,0.73 μg/m L separately from 5.28 μg/m L at 24（room temperature）,50,79℃;when fluoride removal dose and reaction temperature kept invariant,the spring water was added to standard fluorine-removal quantity,standing for 30 min and 12 h separately,and the fluorine content were decreased to 0.87,0.91 μg/m L separately from5.28 μg/m L. In the above process of fluoride removal experiment using clay and aulm,when changed fluoride removal dose,reaction temperature and standing time,the fluorine removal and efficiency of defluoridation were different,but the fluorine content was all lower than 1.0 μg/m L,according with the health standard for domestic drinking water.