有机肥对山地茶园土壤及茶叶产量与品质的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Soil and Tea Yield and Quality of Top-land Tea Garden

为提高山地茶园茶叶的产量与品质,采用田间试验方法,研究有机肥对凤冈县仙人岭山地茶园土壤及茶叶产量与品质的影响。结果表明：施有机肥后,0-20cm和20-40cm土层土壤,全氮含量分别为0.24%和0.15%,较未施有机肥茶园（对照）有所增加;速效磷含量分别为10.07mg/kg和6.42mg/kg,较对照均显著降低;速效钾含量分别达297.49mg/kg和279.54mg/kg,较未施有机肥茶园达极显著差异;有机质含量分别为5.32%和3.52%,前者差异极显著后者差异不显著;土壤pH由4.86降至4.53,但仍在最适pH（4.5-5.5）范围;土壤重金属砷、铬、镉含量有所增加,而铅含量显著降低;茶叶产量提高50.80%;氨基酸、咖啡碱和水浸出物含量均提高,茶多酚含量稍有下降。

To enhance tea yield and quality of mountainous tea garden,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer on soil,tea yield and quality of top-land tea garden in Guizhou.Results：After the application of the organic fertilizer,0-20cm level and 20-40cm level soil,the total nitrogen content were 0.24%and 0.15%respectively（higher than CK）,available P 10.07mg/kg and 6.42mg/kg（significantly lower than CK）,available K 297.49mg/kg and 279.54mg/kg（significantly different with CK）,organic matter 5.32%（significantly different with CK）and 3.52%（no significant difference）.Compared with the control.pH decreased from 4.86 to 4.53,still in the range of 4.5-5.5.Contents of soil heavy metal As,Cr and Cd increased while Pb significantly decreased.Tea leaf yield was enhanced by 50.80%.Contents of amino acid,caffeine and water extract all increased while tea polyphenol decreased slightly.