2014年泰安市岱岳区粉尘作业员工职业健康调查

Survey on occupation health among dust exposed workers,Daiyue district,Tai'an city,2014

目的了解泰安市岱岳区粉尘作业员工职业健康状况,为保护劳动者健康提供科学依据。方法依据《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》、GBZ188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》、GBZ70-2009《尘肺病诊断标准》对来自矿山开采、凿岩、爆破、运输等的粉尘作业员工进行职业健康检查,采用描述流行病学方法将查体结果进行统计分析。结果 2014年共体检在岗粉尘作业员工2 046名,其中一项或多项异常1 198人(58.55%)。检出可疑尘肺2例(0.10%);职业禁忌证46人(2.25%);血压异常(均为高血压)255人(12.46%);血常规异常229人(11.19%);尿常规异常294人(14.37%);心电图异常550人(26.88%);X线胸片异常392人(19.16%);肺功能异常152人(7.43%)。不同性别员工在血压、血常规、尿常规、X线胸片、肺功能检查项目上异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.0 5);随着年龄的增大,项目异常率升高(P<0.01);随着接尘工龄的增加,项目异常率升高(P<0.01)。结论岱岳区粉尘作业员工职业健康状况较差,应加大《职业病防治法》宣传、贯彻和实施力度,保护劳动者健康及其相关权益。

Objective To understand the status of occupational health among the dust exposed workers in Daiyue district,Tai＇an city,so as to provide scientific basis for the protection of workers＇ health. Methods According to the Law on Occupational Disease Prevention of the People＇s Republic of China,GBZ188-2007 Technological Specification of Occupational Health Care,and GBZ70-2009 Diagnostic Criteria of Pneumoconiosis,an occupational health inspection was conducted among dust exposed workers from enterprises integrating mining,stone processing,explosion,and transport,and statistical analysis was made on the results with descriptive epidemiology method. Results Among 2 046 dust exposed workers examined in 2014,1 198 of them（58.55%）had one or more items abnormal.2cases（0.10%）were detected with suspected pneumoconiosis,46（2.25%）with occupational contraindication,255（12.46%）with dysarteriotony（all hypertension）,229（11.19%）with blood routine abnormality,294（14.37%）with urine routine abnormality,550（26.88%）with electrocardiographic abnormality,392（19.16%）chest X-ray abnormality,152（7.43%）with pulmonary function abnormality.The abnormal rate of different gender had significant differences in blood pressure,blood routine,urine routine,chest X-ray,and pulmonary function test items（P〈0.05）;with the increase of age,the rate of abnormal items increased（P〈0.01）;with the increase of exposure time,the rate of abnormal items increased（P〈0.01）. Conclusion The occupation health status of dust exposed workers is worse in Daiyue district,Tai＇an city.The publicity,implementation,and enforcement efforts of the Law on Occupational Disease Prevention should be increased to protect the health and rights of the workers.