言者与听者的错位

The Mismatches between the Addressors' Intention and the Addressees' Understanding

本文分十种情况讨论了语言解码者在言语理解时对编码者主观意图不准确解读的现象。误解的因素有的涉及指称意义的不同,有的涉及句子结构的不同,有的涉及认知域的不同,有的涉及关注点的不同,等等。文章结合实例讨论了这些因素影响理解的方式,并讨论了误解的倾向问题。

This paper illustrates nine kinds of mismatches between the addressors＇ in- tention and the addressees~ understanding. The factors involved in it include the eonfusion of the following paired conceptions. （1） specific reference and nonspecific reference, （2） topic- comment and agent-patient relationships, （3） the counterfactual conditionals and factive statements, （4） the domain of acts and the domain of knowledge, （5） the domain of acts and the domain of speech, （6） grammatical and rhetoric expressions, （7） topic and focus. Mean- while, the different loci of attention, relations between comment and report, and the differ- ent subjective quantities are also the factors to be responsible to the mismatches.