影响留学生半自由语素理解的主要因素及教学对策

A Study on Foreign Students' Understanding of Chinese Semi-free Morphemes

半自由语素同时活跃于词法和句法中,是汉语词汇的特殊成员,但在对外汉语词汇教学中一直未受到足够重视。本文对中高级汉语学习者进行理解测试后发现,影响他们对半自由语素理解的主要因素有三个方面:学习者的母语背景及识记方法、语素自身的特点(是否多义,是否为常用义等)、教学和教材的处理方式。本文建议:1)在中高级阶段的教学中应充分重视半自由语素的教学;2)在教学中针对不同教学阶段、不同类型的半自由语素、不同背景的学习者采用不同的教学方式;3)改进半自由语素在生词表中的呈现方式。

Semi-free morphemes, active in both lexical level and syntactic level, are special members of Chinese vocabulary, which can occupy a syntactic slot as a word when combined with some monosyllabic words. The properties of it have not been paid enough attention to in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In the study of this paper, a group of medium-leveled Chinese learners have been tested and three aspects of the main factors affecting their understanding of Chinese semi-free morphemes have been found, i.e. （1） the learners＇ native language backgrounds and their memorization methods, （2） characteristics of semi-free morphemes （whether they are polysemies or commonly used, etc.） and （3） the means of teaching and textbook presentation. It is suggested that 1） more attention should be paid on semi-free morpheme teaching in medium and advanced stages of teaching~ 2） different teaching approaches should be given to different semi-free morphemes and students with different backgrounds and different levels; 3） the presentation manner of a new-word table should be improved.