论明代府县之关系

On the Relationship between Prefecture and County in the Ming Dynasty

明代的府县都是亲民之官,在行政隶属上,县统于府,按理说县之事都是府之事,但在具体政务运行过程中,二者还是有所区别的。从设官来看,除主官知府、知县之外,府县都设有佐贰官、首领官、教职、杂职,各自拥有吏胥,既有一定的对应关系,也有统属关系。权责上看,府的责任在督察,县的责任在施政。无论是从统属关系,还是从政治运作,抑或是彼此之间的政治经济利益,将府与县连接在一起,既关系到地方吏治是否清明,也关系到地方社会的发展。

In the Ming Dynasty,county was subordinate to prefecture according to administration,but in the concrete governmental operation they have differences and similarities. In the official system they have similar official positions,but in the system of power and liability,the main task of the prefecture was to superintend and supervise and that of county was to govern and administrate. Prefecture and county were closely connected in the fields of politics or economy,for their smooth operation can promote a clean government and social development.