化学教学中学生科学风险认知及其能力的培养

The Cultivation of Students' Cognition and Cognitive Ability of Science Risk in Chemistry Teaching

从个体所拥有的科学知识的性质以及运用科学知识时所持有的态度来看,科学风险存在与发生的根源主要有科学知识不确定性、科学应用反映延缓、不按科学规律办事和科学伦理失范所带来的灾害。包括化学教学在内的科学教育应该通过渗透绿色理念、培育探究品格、建构科学伦理等相关举措培养学生的风险认知能力,使他们能针对风险发生的可能根源力所能及地预防风险的发生,同时在感知到可能的风险发生时能采取积极的应对措施,将风险引起的危害降低到最小程度。

Based on what scientific knowledge one has grasped and what attitude one has had towards the application of scientific knowledge, the causes of science risk include the uncertainty ot scientific knowledge, the delay of scientific application＇s result, the violation of scientific rules and the disorder of science ethics. Science education, including chemistry teaching, should cultivate students＇ risk perceptive ability by introducing green concept, cultivating an inquiring mind and constructing science ethics, ,so that they can prevent risk by analyzing the possible causes of risk and meanwhile take positive measures to reduce the risk to the minimum when a possible risk is perceived.