沿海桥梁地震海啸作用机理与对策试验研究

Experimental study on the mechanism and countermeasures of coastal bridges under tsunami-induced loading due to earthquake

地震海啸灾害对沿海工程结构的破坏是巨大的。我国沿海大桥建设近些年得到空前发展,且有受到地震海啸影响的危险,故如何保障沿海大桥在地震海啸作用下的安全是一个重要的课题。该文通过地震海啸(孤立波模拟)作用下桥梁模型试验研究了海啸对桥梁的作用机理及减轻海啸作用对策。首先,通过不同孤立波波高和水深试验研究了地震海啸对桥梁的作用效应与规律;进而提出在桥梁的桥面板上开孔的措施减轻海啸作用对策,通过对比试验研究桥面板开孔措施对减轻海啸作用下的桥梁动力反应以及桥面板受到的竖向作用的有效性。

The destruction of the tsunami disaster due to earthquake on coastal engineering structures is huge. In recent years,the coastal bridge constructions in China has obtained the unprecedented development,and have the risk to be influenced by tsunami-induced loading due to earthquake. So how to guarantee the safety of coastal bridges under tsunami-induced loading due to earthquake is an important topic. In this paper,the mechanism and countermeasures of coastal bridges under tsunami-induced loading due to earthquake were carried out by the bridge model test under the tsunami due to earthquake（ solitary wave simulation）. First,the experiments with the different wave height and depth of solitary wave were conducted to study the effect and regularity of coastal bridges under tsunami-induced loading due to earthquake. Then,the opening holes measures were put forward in the bridge deck to mitigate the tsunami effects.Through the contrast test,the effectiveness of bridge deck opening holes measures was studied to reduce the bridges＇ dynamic reaction and vertical effects on the bridge deck.