果树行间种草对土壤物化属性和蓄水保墒效果的影响

Influence of intercropping system of fruit trees and grasson the soil physical properties and water retention

针对矮化密植果园要求行间种草的种植模式,进行了果园行间种草对土壤物化属性和蓄水效果影响试验。试验采取单因素3水平的试验方法,研究了果园行间种草对土壤容重、孔隙度、含水率的影响。结果表明,果树行间实施种草栽培后,增加了园区草被地表覆盖,减缓了土壤水分的蒸散作用,增强了土壤保水能力,从而有效提高了0~10cm、10~20cm和20~30cm土层的土壤含水量,起到了较好的保水作用。果园行间种草比土壤闲置和旋耕的保水效果明显,行间种草地块土壤含水量比土壤闲置和旋耕处理年均提高1.4%~3.5%;果园行间实施种草栽培半年后,土壤物理性状发生了一定变化。因此,果园行间种草增加了园区草被地表覆盖,增强了土壤保水能力,改善土壤理化性状,为果树生长提供了更加适宜的环境。

According to the cover crop cropping pattern in dwarfing and closely spaced planting orchard,the test experiment was carried out to study the relations between planting grass and soil physical properties,soil water retaining ability change.Three levels of single factor test method was applied in this experiment,it was studied the effect of planting grass between the lines on soil bulk density,soil porosity,soil water storage and preservation ability.The result showed that planting grass between the lines increase the surface cover ratio,decrease the soil evaporation,improve soil moisture keeping ability,thus it can enhance the soil moisture in0~10cm、10~20cm and 20~30cm soil layers.Planting grass between the lines has a significant result in water conservation effect than uncovered soil and rotary tillage.The soil water content of planting grass between the lines was average annual 1.4%~3.5%higher than uncovered soil and rotary tillage plot;Soil physical properties also changed after planting grass between the lines for six months.Therefore,planting grass between the lines increased soil cover ratio,improved ability of soil water keeping,made better soil physical properties and provided a sustainable environment for fruit tree growth.