底层的“少年们”:中国西部乡校阶层再生产的隐性预演

Juveniles from Lower Class: A Micro Social Research on Class Reproduction in Rural School in West China

中国西部底层乡校的"少年们"的反学校文化具有独特性,他们通过"瞧不起作为‘知识代言者’的农村老师表达对知识权威的抗争","在课堂中制造混乱表达对关系权威的抗争","在日常规定性作息中对规定性的时间权威表达抗争","在摄像头下采取剧场表演对敞视化的空间权威表达抗争"。这种反学校文化与威利斯笔下20世纪70年代英国底层工业城镇中学的"小子们"、周潇笔下北京打工子弟学校的"子弟们"的反学校文化相似又相异:首先,相比于"小子们"的优越心态和"子弟们"的自卑心态,"少年们"具有"屌丝"与"土豪"的交替性心态;其次,在对待知识和文凭上,"小子们"具有明确否定性,"子弟们"具有明确的肯定性,"少年们"却在话语言说和行为表达中凸显出非统一性和态度模糊性;再次,相比于"反学校文化"中对教育结构真相是否"洞察","小子们"达到了"局部洞察","子弟们"显然"没有洞察",而"少年们"则具有"局部洞察"的痕迹。

Compared to the Boys described by Willis Paul and Xiao Zhou in 1970s in the industrial towns in England and the Chinese migrant workers children in Beijing, the low-class juvenile in rural school in west China hold a unique ＂anti-school culture＂. 22 juvenile, which is from eight grade in a K- 9 school in Yun Xiang, a west China town were selected as the sample of this in-depth qualitative research. The key findings are the boys generated the anti-school culture in the following way： by looking down upon rural teachers on expression of struggle to knowledge authority, by manufacturing all kinds of chaos in classroom on expression of resisting to relationship authority, by disordering the prescribed time schedule to resist to time authority in daily, by taking a theater in the camera to express resisting to space authorities, by formatting multiple types of peer groups, such as brothers, mentors, relatives, lovers, etc. to resist violation paradigm, by making fun, violence and theft to get rid of boring, etc. The author finally concluded the Juvenile anti-school culture features by comparing to the Boys in England and the Children in Beijing, first these juvenile have a psychology alternately between ＂Diaosi＂ and ＂Tuhao＂ ; second, the expression in both utterance and behavior of the Juvenile is fuzzy and disunion, third, concerning insight into the truth in education process these juvenile is partly apperceived.