超空泡航行器扩张尾裙流体动力特性试验研究

Experimental Research on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Supercavitating Vehicle Expansion Sterns

为了研究超空泡航行器扩张尾裙的流体动力特性,采用模块化设计方法设计了5种不同外形的扩张尾裙试验模型,并在11m/s恒定水洞水速下通过调节通气系统控制通气流量、改变模型气泡包层内压力和通气空化数,分别对系列不同结构参数的扩张尾裙模型进行了超空泡流体动力特性的比对试验研究。试验中分析了不同的通气量、半锥角(2°,4°,6°)和底面直径(Φ43 mm,Φ45mm,Φ47mm)的扩张尾裙对空泡尾部闭合流型的影响规律,讨论了沾湿面变化规律对航行器尾部流体动力特性的影响。结果表明,扩张尾裙的阻力系数、升力系数都随着半锥角(尾裙底径)的增大而增大,相对而言对阻力的变化更敏感,升力方向变化率较小。该结果对进一步深入开展头部空化器、尾裙控制面与推力矢量配合的流体动力布局设计提供了有力的技术支撑。

To investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of supercavitating vehicle expansion sterns,a series of 5expansion stern models with different shapes have been designed with modular method.Under the constant water tunnel speed of 11m/s,the ventilation quantity of ventilation device is adapted and controlled to modify the inner pressure of the model bubble layer and the ventilation cavitation coefficient. Then a serial of supercavitation hydrodynamic characteristics comparison experiments for expansion stern models with different structure parameters is conducted in water tunnel.The characteristics that how the sterns affect the closed shape of the supercavitation are analyzed,with different ventilation quantity,different expansion stern half cone angles（2°,4°,6°）and different expansion stern diameters（Φ43mm,Φ45mm,Φ47mm）.The relationship between the fluid force and the wetted area of the sterns is discussed.The experimental results show that the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient increase with the increasing half cone angle and the diameter of the expansion stern.Compared with the lift direction,the drag coefficient gets more sensitive to the change of the cone angle and diameter of sterns.This result supports the further research on hydrodynamic layout design with the headcavitator,expansion stern control plane and thrust vector.