财政分权与收入不平等——基于面板门限回归模型的实证分析

Fiscal Decentralization and Income Inequality----The Empirical Analysis Based onthe Panel Model of Threshold Regression

采用财政分权组合指标和三种居民收入基尼系数,对中国式财政分权水平与收入不平等程度进行了测度,并建立面板门限回归模型实证分析了财政分权对收入不平等的影响。研究发现:无论财政分权水平是高还是低,财政分权与收入不平等始终呈现负相关关系,即财政分权水平的提升有利于减少收入不平等;财政分权与收入不平等之间的负相关关系在不同的分权区制下呈现非线性特征,且会随着分权水平的提升而下降;财政分权对收入不平等的政策效果表现为总体居民收入不平等<农村居民收入不平等<城镇居民收入不平等。

Based on the re-measure of the level of Chinese-style fiscal decentralization and income inequality by the combine index of fiscal decentralization and three Gini coefficient of residents＇ income, the effect of Chinese-style fiscal decentralization on the income inequality is empirically investigated by constructing the panel model of threshold regression. It comes to the results as follows. Firstly, the relationship between the fiscal decentralization and the income inequality is always negative regardless of the level of fiscal decentralization,which means that the increase in the fiscal decentralization does good to the decrease of the income inequality. Secondly,the negative correlation between the fiscal decentralization and the income inequality shows a nonlinear feature in different decentralized regions, and furthermore, the income inequality decreases with the increase of the level of decentralization. Thirdly, the policy effect of fiscal decentralization to reduce the income inequality in ascending order are the overall income inequality, the income inequality of rural residents and the income inequality of urban residents.