粉煤灰-赤泥孔隙陶瓷的坯釉一体化制备工艺研究

Integrated Preparation Technology of Body-glaze with Fly Ash-red Mud Porous Ceramics

采用粉煤灰、赤泥等类粘土质的工业固废制备建筑陶瓷是其生态高值化利用的有效途径。本文研究了陶瓷坯体主要成分粉煤灰和赤泥配比为3∶2时优化的烧成温度、保温时间等工艺参数,研究了成孔剂含量对陶瓷体积密度、孔隙率及微观组织结构的影响,研究了与该坯体相适宜的釉料配方及涂布方式对坯釉结合性能的影响,并重点探讨了具有自保温性能的陶瓷坯釉一次干压成型和一次烧成的制备工艺。研究结果表明,较优化的烧成温度为1100℃,保温时间为2 h;适宜的成孔剂含量为5%,釉料配方和涂布工艺对坯釉结合性能和釉层质量具有决定性作用,坯釉一次干压成型是解决坯釉适应性和提高结合强度的有效技术途径;陶瓷基体中加入成孔剂并不会对釉质层的质量造成影响,且坯釉一次干压成型和一次烧成的制备工艺可实现以粉煤灰、赤泥为主要原料的陶瓷的一体化生产,具有显著的生态、节能和经济性。

The architectural ceramics are fabricated with industrial solid wastes that similar to the clay in ingredient,such as fly ash and red mud, etc., which is an effective way to utilization for ecologicalization and high value. The optimum technological parameters of sintering temperature and holding time for ceramic body fabricated with the main component of fly ash and red mud,which mass ratio 3∶ 2,were investigated in the present paper. The influence of pore-forming agent content on volume density,porosity and microstructure of porous ceramics were investigated. Meanwhile,the glaze formula suitable to green body and glazing methods which effect on bonding properties of body-glaze were studied.Moreover,the fabrication processes of dry pressing molding and single sintering for body and glaze of ceramics with self heat-insulation property were discussed deeply. The results showed that the optimized sintering temperature is 1100 ℃,and holding time 2 h. For fly ash-red mud porous ceramics,the suitable content of pore-forming agent is 5%. It has a decisive effect for the glaze formula and glazing methods on bonding properties of body-glaze and quality of glaze layer. A dry pressing molding technology is an effective technical approach to solve the problem of body-glaze fit and bonding property. The quality of glaze layer is not affected when pore-forming agent introduced into ceramic substrate. The integrated production of ceramic fabricated with the main component of fly ash and red mud can be achieved throughthe fabrication processes of dry pressing molding and single sintering,which has significant ecological,energy conservation and economical efficiency.