基于社区分类的厦门市家庭生活垃圾产量及其形成机制

Analysis of household waste generation and its driving pattern based on community classification

家庭生活垃圾与公众生活密切相关,是城市固体废弃物的重要组成部分.明确家庭垃圾产量的影响因素对于理解垃圾产生格局和和后续的管理评价有重要意义.社区是家庭生活垃圾管理的最基本单元,而我国的城市化进程引起了城市社区的多样化.因此,本文根据住房制度改革进程中的不同阶段,将社区分为建于20世纪80年代福利分房时代的旧式社区,2000年改革后的后市场力量主导的商业社区和介于上述两种社区之间的过渡社区.通过空间抽样选取厦门市20个居住小区,分别于夏季和冬季进行为期1周的采样.结果发现,家庭生活垃圾产量呈不均衡分布.通过多元回归建立了家庭生活垃圾产量驱动模型,结果表明,旧式社区的家庭生活垃圾产生以经济驱动为主,过渡社区以家庭结构的驱动为主,商业社区以生活习惯的驱动为主.通过社区分类,可以更好地解释家庭生活垃圾产生的机制,有助于进一步对家庭生活垃圾管理和减量引导做出科学决策.

As an important composition of municipal solid waste, household waste is closely related to human activities. The impact factors of household waste generation helps better understand waste generation pattern and the subsequent waste management. Community is the basic waste management unit in China. The rapid urbanization process has resulted in diverse urban communities which are classified into three types in the context of housing policy reform in accordance with their constructive period. The old communities were built in 1980 s under the welfare-oriented public housing distribution system.The commercial communities were built after 2000 with the booming real estate. The transitional communities were built in between when the housing distribution system was a mixed pattern of market trading and government regulation. Based on a multi-object spatial sampling technique, we selected 20 communities in urban area of Xiamen, China. Field surveys was conducted in 7 days in summer and winter, respectively, and household waste generation pattern and its driving forces were characterized. Our results show a disparity in waste generation profiles among different households. Further regression shows that waste generation is driven by income, family structure and lifestyle in old, transitional and commercial communities, respectively. Consideration of community classification is important in effectively exploring the household waste generation pattern in urban areas. This study provides scientific evidence to waste management.