郑州农村3～6岁学龄前儿童肥胖现况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influence factors analysis of obesity among the preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old in rural areas of Zhengzhou

目的了解郑州农村学龄前儿童肥胖的现状,分析相关影响因素,并提出有效的防治措施。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法,抽取郑州6所幼儿园的3-6岁儿童1 042名进行问卷调查和体格测量。结果男童肥胖率6.94%,女童肥胖率4.08%,平均肥胖率为5.66%。肥胖在性别间的分布差异有统计学意义（χ^2=3.964,P〈0.05）,男童肥胖率高于女童。父母体格状态对子代的肥胖影响较大。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,儿童肥胖的危险因素有母亲体格超重或肥胖（OR=3.674）、高出生体重（OR=2.987）、肉食摄入频率高（OR=2.313）、进食速度快（OR=1.736）,保护因素有母亲文化程度较高（OR=0.762）、母乳喂养（OR=0.783）合理的运动时间（OR=0.640）。结论郑州农村学龄前儿童肥胖率已经接近河南某些城市的水平。肥胖是多种因素相互作用的结果,应采取综合防治措施。

Objective To understand the prevalence of obesity among the preschool children aged 3to 6years old in rural areas of Zhengzhou,analyze the realted influence factors,and to put forward the effective control measures. MethodA total of 1 042 children aged 3-6years old were selected from 6kindergartens in rural areas of Zhengzhou by stratified cluster sampling,and investigated with questionnaire and physical measurement. Results The boy＇s prevalence rate was6.94%,the girls was 4.08%,the average obesity rate was 5.66%.There was significant difference in prevalence rate between boys and girls（χ^2=3.964,P〈0.05）,the obesity rate of boys was higher than that of girls,parents＇ BMI influenced their children＇s body.Multivariable logistic regerssion analysis showed that risk factors included mother was overweight or obese（OR=3.674）,heavy birth weight（OR=2.987）,the high frequency of meat food intake（OR=2.313）,eating fast（OR=1.736）,protective factors included mother with high education level（OR=0.762）,breast feeding（OR=0.783）,reasonable exercise time（OR=0.640）. Conclusions Preschool children＇s obesity rate in rural areas of Zhengzhou has been close to the level of some city of Henan.Obesity is the result of various factors,comprehensive measures of prevention is should be taken.