中药汤剂煎药机加液量数学模型的初步研究

Preliminary Study on Mathematical Model of Liquid Volume Added of TCM Medicinal Broth Decoction Machine

目的:建立煎药机加液量数学模型,以利于采用煎药机制备中药汤剂时能准确计算加液量,从而保证中药汤剂煎煮质量。方法:测定使用频率高的代表性中药饮片的吸水率,依据与中药饮片吸水率密切相关的密度、大小、形状、水分指标对中药饮片的吸水性质进行聚类统计分析,将吸水性质相近的中药饮片归为一类,据此以代表性中药饮片的吸水率来估算所有单味中药饮片的吸水率;测量不同类型煎药机(电、天然气煎药机)的水分蒸发量、挤压出液量;结合上述参数结果建立不同类型煎药机制备中药汤剂的加液量数学模型,并采用实际的中药复方验证该数学模型。结果:影响加液量的因素有每味中药饮片的吸水率、水分的蒸发量及煎药机的挤压功能,建立的加液量数学模型为加液量=每味中药饮片的吸水率×饮片质量+蒸发量+所需出液量-煎药机挤压功能参数×处方中饮片总质量;验证试验中煎煮中药汤剂后实际出液量与所需出液量之间的百分比均在±5%以内。结论:本试验建立的加液量模型用于中药煎药机煎煮中药时可提高煎药加液准确性,保证中药汤剂煎煮质量。

OBJECTIVE：To establish mathematical model of liquid volume added of TCM medicinal broth decoction machine to accurately calculate liquid volume added in the process of medicinal herb decocting,so as to guarantee the quality of medicinal herb decocting. METHODS：The water absorption rate of representative TCM decoction piece with high use frequency were determined,and cluster analysis of water absorption rate of TCM decoction piece was conducted according to closely related index as density,size,shape,moisture. TCM decoction piece with similar water absorption rate were bracketed together,so that of single ingredient TCM decoction piece can be estimated by water absorption of representative TCM decoction piece;the quantity of water evaporation and liquid extrusion were determined among different types of decoction machine（powered by electric and gas）;according to the above parameters,mathematical model of liquid volume of TCM medicinal broth prepared by different types of decoction machine had been established,and validated with TCM formula. RESULTS：Factors that affected the liquid volume added included the water absorption of each ingredient,the quantity of water evaporation and extrusion function. The mathematical model was liquid volume added=water absorption of each ingredient × quality of decoction piece ＋ the quantity of water evaporation ＋ required amount of liquid-parameters of extrusion function×total weight of decoction piece;in validation test,the percentage of the practical amount of liquid to required amount was within ±5%. CONCLUSIONS：Established model can promote the accuracy liquid volume added and guarantee the quality of TCM decoction when using TCM decoction machine.