“走出个案”:含义、逻辑和策略

"Out of Case Study":Meaning,Logic and Strategy

随着质的研究被教育学界认可和使用,近年来教育个案研究成果大量涌现出来,但不同程度地存在着如下问题:具体分析和一般性提炼之间不相一致或很不一致,甚至是荒谬的;随意夸大来自特殊境遇的有限概括对其他境遇的适用范围,过度宣扬其对促进教育实践改善的价值。这影响了个案研究理论建构功能和实践启示功能的实现。只有提高个案研究的品质以及促进其与理论家、实践者之间的多重互动,才能实现"从案例到系统"的理论概括功能和"从知识到行动"的实践指导功能。超越个案的概括、多个案的累积、特征的分析性研究、立足于宏观的微观研究、个别之间的迁移、评价性认同等,是"走出个案"的可能策略和方式。

With the recognition and application on qualitative research in educational area,it emerged a large quantity of qualitative research cases in recent years;however,there are some problems as follows：concrete analysis and the general abstraction are inconsistent,or ridiculous;the application range of limited generalization of special circumstances to other circumstances is exaggerated and its value to promote the improvement of educational practice is overstated.These problems have influenced the realization of theory construction and practical inspiration of case study.Only the quality of case study is improved and multiple interactions between theorists and practitioners are promoted,can theoretical generalization of ＂from case to system＂ and practice guidance of ＂from knowledge to action＂ realize.Generalization beyond cases,accumulation of many cases,analytical study on characteristics,microscopic study based on macroscopic view,migration between individuals and evaluative identity,etc,are possible strategies and means of ＂getting out of cases＂.