中老年人群坚持体育锻炼的动力机制研究——基于推拉理论的实证分析

Research of Motivation Mechanism for Exercise Adherence of Middle-aged and Aged People——Empirical Analysis based on Push-pull Theory

文章针对目前国内体育锻炼驱动力系统研究的薄弱环节,采用文献分析法和实证研究法,从推拉理论视角对中老年人群体育锻炼动力机制进行剖析。结果显示:体育锻炼的推力因素包括锻炼者的内在推动力、内在支撑力和外部推动力;拉力因素包括环境吸引力和社会支持力;制约锻炼坚持性的因素包括反拉力和反推力。体育锻炼能否坚持下去,受推力、拉力、反拉力和反推力四种力合力大小与方向的影响,即驱动力量与制动力量相互作用的影响。当驱动力(推力+拉力)大于制动力(反拉力+反推力)时,锻炼欲望提高,锻炼持续下去;反之锻炼欲望消退,锻炼终止。文章还从推拉理论视角提出了促进坚持锻炼的策略。

In view of the weakness of current domestic systematic research on exercise motivation,this article uses literature analysis and empirical study methods,analyzes the motivation mechanism forl exercise of middleaged and aged people,from the perspective of push-pull theory. The result shows that pushing factors of exercise include internal motivation,internal persistence,and external driving force,and pulling factors include environmental attractiveness and social support. Factors constrain exercise adherence include anti-push and anti-pull forces. Whether exercise will persist is influenced by the size and direction of the resultant force of push,pull,anti-pull,and anti-push forces,i. e.,driving force and braking force interactions. When the driving forces（ push and pull） are greater than the braking forces（ anti-pull and anti-push）,the desire to exercise increases,and exercise continues,otherwise the desire to exercise subsides,and exercise terminates. The article also proposes a strategy to promote exercise adherence from the perspective of push-pull theory.