茶园土壤及与茶叶中微量元素锌硒含量相关性的研究

Correlation of zinc and selenium contents in tea and the planting soil

植物生长的环境适应及其内含物质功能和变化规律的研究已成为热点问题。该研究对贵州省地标品牌湄潭翠芽、凤冈锌硒茶4个样地12个样点茶园土壤及其对应种植点茶叶样品中锌硒含量变化进行了检测与分析。结果表明：（1）4个样地中,3个样地的锌含量都是原土高于种植土,而硒含量没有明显规律性变化;各主产区土壤锌硒含量的标准差均大于均值的5%,土质均匀度都较低;（2）4个样地新叶（一芽二叶）与老叶的锌含量都呈现显著差异,而硒在新叶和老叶中的含量差异无明显变化规律;（3）锌元素在茶树体内转移现象明显,由老叶向新叶中转移,新叶中含量较高;硒元素在新叶和老叶中的含量变化不明显。新叶中锌的含量与其0~20 cm表层土样和21~40 cm深层土样中锌的含量呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,相关系数为0.768;而新叶硒的含量与0~20 cm表层土中硒含量呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。茶叶中锌硒主要是通过茶树根系从土壤中吸收和传输,但其吸收转移效率不由土壤中的含量多少直接决定,还受到茶园土壤质地、茶园温湿度等环境管控因素的影响,锌硒微量元素参与茶树体内的生理作用和代谢途径具有较大的差异。因此,进一步探索茶树吸收与转化锌硒微量元素的存在形态和作用机理,了解不同产区茶叶中微量元素锌硒含量与其茶园土壤的关系,对于生产适宜于人类身体健康适当锌硒含量的有机茶具有重要意义。

The discussion for the plant adaptation to environment and the function and transition of inclusions has become a hot research topic. This article selected four plots from Guizhou famous Fenggang zinc-selenium tea and Meitan Tsui bud production regions,established twelve samples,studied the change of trace elements,zinc and selenium contents,in different tea garden soils and the tea in corresponding. The results were as follows：（ 1） In four plots,the contents of zinc in the uncultivated original soil were higher than sample soil in three plots,but the contents of selenium had no obvious regular change. The standard deviations of zinc and selenium contents were greater than 5% of average in all samples,that mean the soil uniformity of the four plots were all relatively low;（ 2） Significant differences were exhibited in the zinc content between new leaves（ one bud and two leaves） and old leaves in four plots,while the difference in selenium content had no obvious regular change.（ 3） The transfer of zinc was obvious in tea,it transferred from old leaves to new leaves,and new leaves was higher. The content of selenium was rare in tea and no obvious rule between old leaves and new leaves. The content of zinc in new leaves was highly significant positive correlation with the zinc content in 0- 20 cm surface soil and 21- 40 cm deep soil samples（ P 0. 01）,the coefficient correlation was 0.768. The selenium content in new leaves had a significant positive correlation with the 0- 20 cm surface soil（ P 0.05）. The zinc and selenium were absorbed and translocated from soil by tea roots usually. The absorption and transfer efficiency was not only decided by the content in soil,but also related to soil texture,temperature,humidity and other external factors in the tea garden. There was a great difference between zinc and selenium in the physiological and metabolic pathway of tea. Therefore,we need to further research the the absorption and transformation of trace elements zinc,selenium in tea,the existing form and mechanism of action,the correlation of the zinc and selenium content in tea and garden planting soil in different production regions. These are of great significant application values for producing organic tea with appropriate zinc and selenium contents to human＇s health.