《史记》历史观中的人文精神——论《史记》对历史与道德关系的认知及其超前性

The Historical View of Humanistic Spirit in Historical Records——On the Relationship between History and Moral Cognition and Its Foresight in Historical Records

《史记》历史观中的人文精神主要体现在:在神人关系上,认为"神随德转",天象变化"循德而行";在道德与历史关系上,认为从宏观上看历史发展体现了道德的必然性;从中观和微观角度看,历史演进表现出道德的不确定性。这些观点表现了司马迁力图将先秦神秘文化和西汉董仲舒天人感应说纳入理性轨道的努力,彰显了司马迁思想的深邃和眼光的犀利;尤其是他对历史发展中非道德一面的分析,具有一定的超前性。

The humanistic spirit of the historical view in Historical Records is mainly reflected in the following. As for the rela- tionship between God and man, God grows with moral, Nature changes with moral; as for the relationship between morality and his- tory, history from the macro aspects necessarily embodies the moral; from medium and micro point of view, the historical evolution indicates the moral uncertainty. In this paper, these views are expressed by Sima Qian＇ s attempt to bring the pre-Qin and the West- ern Han Dynasty into the rational track of Dong Zhongshu＇ s theory, which reveals the deep and sharp eyes of Sima Qian＇ s thought, especially his analysis of the non-moral in the history development, and it is the foresight for the research.