司马迁音乐批评思想初探

Sima Qian's Music Criticism

司马迁的音乐批评思想大多通过《史记》对大量音乐史料的记载而呈现出来。这种以人物批评为主的间接式音乐批评包含对音乐发展历史的批评、对历代制乐者的批评、对一般历史人物音乐活动的批评、对乐人及其音乐活动的批评等等。在批评的标准问题上除了坚持儒家一贯的批评原则,司马迁对"发愤著书"式的音乐创作及表演也是极为欣赏的。这使其音乐批评思想一方面坚持了政治道德的批判立场,另一方面也有所突破而肯定了情感在音乐中的个性抒发。藉此,司马迁通过《史记》树立了正史音乐批评的典范形态。

Most music critical thoughts of Sima Qian are expressed for a large numbers of historical music data recorded in Historical Records. Those music critical thoughts are based on criticism for the music development, composers, performances, players and their musical activities. In addition to his consistent attitude of Confucianism for music criticism, Sima Qian appreciated the mu- sic creation and performances. This makes his music criticism presented with the political morality, and a breakthrough in music expressing the individual＇ s emotions. Hence, Sima Qian by Historical Records established a model for music criticism.